Bullet.



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UNHED srarns rn'rnn'r orrrcn WILLIAM A. TEWES, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO PETERS CARTRIDGE COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

BULLET.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 9, 1913.

Application filed January 2,- 1912. Serial No. 669,080.

To all wlom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Tnwns, a citizen of the United 'States, residing" at Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certan new and useful Improvements in Bullets, of

which the following is a full, clear, and eXact specification.

The invention relates to that class of bullets or projectiles which are of conical or conoid form and are adapted for use in fire arms, and more partioularly to what is known as the Spitzer or sharp-pointed metal jacketed bullets for high power cartridges as adapted, for example to the new 30-15 United States magazine rifle. Owing to the very high velocity and the short twist in the rifling of this particular arm and of other Similar arms, great diflioulty has been experienced in securing a bullet that will not strip or cause fouling of the barrel, and that will be uniform and accurate in results.

The primary Object of the invention is to produce an improved bullet Similar to the ordinary conical or conoid form that is simple and efficient, economioal to manufacture and adapted to overcome the difficulties hereinbefore mentioned.

A further Object of the invention is to produce an improved bullet of the class described having a metal jacket, and a core of such form and construction that the gases generated in firing may be prevented from stripping or separating the jacket from the core.

A further Object of the invention is to provide an improved bullet of the class de scribed with a concaved rear end of such form thatthe expansion of the gases generated in firing may eXpand the rear end of the bullet without causing the material of the bullet to be separated or parted by reason of such expansion.

A still further Object of the invention is to provide an improved bullet of the conical or conoid form but which is better balanced and hence will have greater velocity and steadiness in flight than heretofore.

To the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other new and useful objects, as will appear, the invention cony the accompanying drawing forming a. partof this specification.

In'the said drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bullet embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing a longitudinal section of a bullet embodying the in- Vention, being of the usual shape but not provided with the usual metal casing. F ig. 3 is a view Similar to Fig. 2, showing the invention applied to the ordinary metaljacketed bullet of the Spitzer or the conical type. Fig. 4 is a rear end view of a bullet of the form shown in Fig. 3.

The exterior shape of the bullet as shown in Fig. 1 is that required by the United States Ordnance Department, but with the improved form as illustrated in Fig. 2, it is possible to get a greater length than ordinarily obtained with a given weight of material, thus giving greater bearing surface, which is desirable. This result is obtained by the formation of the conical cavity designated by the reference character A in the rear end. As stated this cavity is preferably in the form of a cone, with the apex pointing toward the front or tapered end of the bullet and having its aXis approximately coincident with the longitudinal aXis of the bullet, thus enabling the walls surrounding the Opening to be of approximately uniform diameter, thus balancing the bulletin order to aid the usual rotation on its longi tudinal axis during its fiight.

In Figs. 3 and 4:, B is the metal jacket made in the ordinary way and of the ordinary Composition, C is the core made usually of lead hardened by an alloy of tin or antimony. A conical recess in the base A is provided, and the edges of the jacket B at the base are crinped or folded over and firmly embedded in the core within the coneshaped cavity A, as indicated at B'. In the manufacture of the metal jacketed bullet, the core C in the forn of a slug is introduced and compressed within the jacket B, which during the operation may be held in place by a suitable die or retainer of the desired shape. A punch is used for compressing the core, the end of which is pointed and come-shaped, and at the same time that the core is compressed the edges B' of the jacket at the base may be crimped or folded over and firmly embedded in the sides of the cone-shaped cavity.

It is preferred that the Gone-shaped cavity be of such dimensions that the sides adjacent the end of the bullet approach a feather-edge, so that with the ordinary pressure of gas it readily conforms not only to the rifling but to any unevenness in the barrel occasioned by wearor imperfections in the bore. This construction insures perfect rotation of the bullet and at the same time makes an eflicient gas check, which makes it vastly superior to the solid base. The graduated sides' of the cavity whereby the walls increase in thickness toward its apeX also have a tendency to prevent the stripping of the jacket. If the cavity were cylindrical in shape, pressure would be as great or greater at the bottom and in the corners as at any other point" and might result in the jacket and the core, or the material of the.

bullet parting at that point. But with the cone-shaped cavity, the wall is inereased in thickness and strength, particularly at the* apex or the point farthest from the base and the parts are so strengthened as to prevent 4 base.

parting. It will therefore be seen that the rear of the bullet is in the nature of a guiding flange.

This improved form of bullet also is better balanced, in that the center of gravity is thrust forward from the base toward the i point, since a portion of the heavier metal at the base is removed. This construction thus tends to prevent the rear of the bullet from sagging or dropping out of line or tumbling end over end, which is sometimes.

the case with a bullet of solid or projecting The removing of the material from the base which is taken out in the form of a cone nearly oonforming to the pointed end of the bullet, makes the Shortest axis for the amount of the material removed, and the shorter the axis the more steady the flight. This cone-shaped cavity also tends to steady the bullet on leaving the barrel, in that it enables the gas to center its pressure or wedge it in and toward the center, and at the same time the widening of the base due to the eXpansion increases the area of pressure, consequently augments the force imparted to the bullet by the expansion of the mpelling gases.

It is found further that the twisting imparted to the movement of the bullet by the rifling within the bore of the arm will be longer continued since the greater portion of the metal is removed from the center, which throws greater proportional weight on the periphery or rim and increases the centrifugal force, all of which, as stated, causes the bullet to continue its spinning much longer in its flight and increases just so much its accuracy or effective range, and these results are all the more apparent when the 'invention is applied to the preferred form of jacketed bullet, since the core being the heavier metal and being removed from the center throws a correspondingly greater weight in proportion onthe rim. It is also found that the crimping of the metal j acket over the edges of the core and withinthe cavity and embedding the same in the walls of the cavity'is advantageous in that the core is securely retained within the jacket and both jacket and core are securely held together so thatthe danger of separation or stripping of the jacket and the core is prevented.

In the use of this improved bullet, other advantages are gained which may be regarded as incidental but none the less important. The gun will not require cleaning so often, thus saving labor and interruption in firing. The gun will be longer lived, as accurate work may continue to be done even after the rifling has considerably worn. Guns with imperfections in the bore that might ordinarily be rejected may, with this improved form of bullet, still be used with good efl'eet, and even pitting or metallic particles adhering to the surface are not found v to be serious hindrances. i

The use of bullets constructed after th invention also enables lighter bullets to be used with proportionately longer bearing surfaces, which is a saving in eXpense and a saving of weight in transportation.

In order that the invention might be fully understood, the details of the foregoing embodiment have been fully described; but

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

In a jacketed bullet of the Spitzer or sharp-pointed type, the combination of a core having a comparatively sharp point, a body portion of substantially uniform diameter throughout and having a conical cavity in the rear end to form a fieXible peripheral rear flange increasing gradually in thickncss toward the pointed end of the core, and a casing fitting over said pointed end and body portion and secured thereto by having its edge crimped into the said cavity against the rear conical surface thereof.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 26 day of December A. D. 1911.

WILLIAM A. TEWES.

Witnesses:

LoUIsA C. TEWES, OLIVE C. TEWES.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, 'by addressing the GommissioneofPatents,

' Washington, D. G." 

